ENVS4040: Field Methods Industrial Hygiene

CALENDAR  

Week	Slides	Excel	Unit Title
1			Introduction to course
			Indoor Particulates
2			Theory
3			Instrumentation (txt, tkp files)
4			Field work
			VOC's
5			Theory
6			Instrumentation
			Formaldehyde
7			Theory
8			Instrumentation
9			Field work
			Carbon Monoxide
10			Theory
11			Instrumentation
			Radon
12			Theory
13			Instrumentation
14			Field work
15			No Class

EQUIPMENT

Field Equipment

• Maps

Radon

• Sun Nuclear 1029 Radon Detector + case - diffused junction photodiode

Carbon Monoxide

• Langan L76n Indoor Measurer - http://www.langan.biz/Site/L76%20Specifications.html
• Langan T15n - http://www.langan.biz/Site/CO%20Measurer.html

Dust

• DustTrak™ DRX monitor 8534 - http://www.tsi.com/en-1033/products/14000/dusttrak%E2%84%A2_aerosol_monitors.aspx

VOC's

• VOC's ppb-RAE
• Portable Formaldehyde Detector -http://www.geotechnical.net/formaldehyde.shtml
• Formaldemeter 400 - http://www.ppm-technology.com/formaldemeter.html
• ENMET htV Formaldemeter - http://www.enmet.com/pers_formald.shtml

        [   ] = wish list

REFERENCES

Books

• Godish, T. (2003) Indoor Air Quality. CRC Press.
• Turco, R.P. (2002) Earth Under Siege: From Air Pollution to Global Change. Oxford University Press, London.
   
• Bas, E. (2004) Indoor Air Quality: A Guide for Facility Managers. Fairmount Press, Inc.
• Baron, P.A. and Willeke, K (eds.) (2001) Aerosol Measurements: Principles, techniques, and Applications. Wiley-Interscience.
• Brooks, B.O. and Davis, W.F. (1992) Understanding Indoor Air Quality. CRC Press.
• Cothern, C.R. and Smith, Jr., J.E. (1987) Environmental Radon (Environmental Science Research). Springer.
• Edelstein, M.R. (1998) Radon's Deadly Daughters. Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
• Hawthorne, A.R., Matthews, T.G., and Vo-Dinh, T., Measurement Techniques. In: Walsh, P.J., Dudney, C.S., and Copenhaver, E.D. (1983) Indoor Air Quality. CRC press.
• Hess-Kosa, K. (2002) Indoor Air Quality. Lewis Publishers.
• Kay, J.G., Keller, G.E. and Miller, J.F. (1991) Indoor Air Pollution: Radon, Bioaerosols and VOCs. Lewis Publishers.
• Leslie, G.B. and Lunau, F.W. (1992) Indoor Air Pollution: Problems and Priorities. Cambridge University Press.
• Vincent, J.H. (2007) Aerosol Sampling Science, Standards, Instrumentation and Applications. Wiley.
• Morawska, L. and Salthammer, T. (eds.) (2003) Indoor Environment: Airborne Particles and Settled Dust. Wiley-VCH.
• Nagda, N.L.(1994) Radon: Prevalence, Measurements, Health Risks and Control. ASTM.
• National Academy of Sciences (1981) Indoor Pollutants. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
• Ruzer, L.S. and Harley, N.H. (2004) Aerosols Handbook: Measurement, Dosimetry and Health Effects. CRC Press.
• Salthammer, T. and Uhde, E (2009) Organic Indoor Air Pollutants. Wiley-VCH.
• Vincent, J.H. (2007) Aerosol Sampling: Science, Standards, Instrumentation and Applications. Wiley.

Indoor Air Quality

• Nero, A., Jr. (1988) Controlling Indoor Air Pollution. Scientific American, Vol. 258, No. 5, pp. 42-48.
• Replace, J.L. and Lowery, A.H. (1980) Indoor Air Pollution, Tobacco Smoke, and Public Health. Science, Vol. 208, pp. 464-472.
• Spengler, J. and Sexton, K. (1983) Indoor Air Pollution: A Public Health Perspective. Science, Vol. 221, pp. 9-17.

Particulates in Indoor Air

• Alsmo, T. and Holmberg, S. (2007) Sick buildings or not: Indoor air quality health problems in schools. Indoor and Built Environment, Vol. 16, No. 6. pp. 548-555.
• Baron, P.A. and Willeke, K. (2001) Aerosol Fundamentals. In: Baron, P.A. and Willeke, K (eds.), Aerosol Measurements: Principles, Techniques, and Applications. Wiley-Interscience.
• Baron, P.A. and Heitbrink, W.A. (2001) An Approach to Performing Aerosol Measurements.  In: Baron, P.A. and Willeke, K (eds.), Aerosol Measurements: Principles, techniques, and Applications. Wiley-Interscience.
• Baltensperger, U., Weingartner, E., Burtscher, H., and Keskinen, J. (2001) Dynamic Mass and Surface Area measurments.  In: Baron, P.A. and Willeke, K (eds.), Aerosol Measurements: Principles, Techniques, and Applications. Wiley-Interscience.
• Braniš, M., ezáová, P. and Guignon, N. (2002) Fine particles (PM₁) in four different indoor environments. Indoor and Built Environment, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 184-190.
• Cooper, D.W. (2001) Methods of Size Distribution Data Analysis and Presentation.  In: Baron, P.A. and Willeke, K (eds.), Aerosol Measurements: Principles, Techniques, and Applications. Wiley-Interscience.
• Gard, E., J. E. Mayer, B. D. Morrical, T. Dienes, D. P. Fergenson and K. A. Prather (1997). "Real-time analysis of individual atmospheric aerosol particles: Design and performance of a portable ATOFMS." Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 69, No. 20, pp. 4083-4091.
• Gebhart, J. (2001) Optical Direct-Reading Techniques: Light Intensity Systems.  In: Baron, P.A. and Willeke, K (eds.), Aerosol Measurements: Principles, Techniques, and Applications. Wiley-Interscience.
• Hairston, P.P., Ho, J., and Quant, F.R. (1997) Design of an Instrument for Real-Time Detection of Bioaerosols using Simultaneous measurement of Particle Aerodynamic Size and Intrinsic Fluorescence. Journal of Aerosol Science, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 471-482.
• He, C., Morawska, L., Hitchins, J., and Gilbert, D. (2004) Contribution from indoor sources to particle number and mass concentrations in residential homes. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 38, pp. 3405-3415.
• He, C., Morawska, L. and Taplin, L (2007) Particle emission characteristics of office printers. Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 41, pp. 6039-6045.
• Hinds, W.C. (2001) Physical and Chemical Changes in the Particulate Phase.  In: Baron, P.A. and Willeke, K (eds.), Aerosol Measurements: Principles, Techniques, and Applications. Wiley-Interscience.
• Jannsen, N.A.H., Hoek, G., Brunekeef, B., Harssema, H., Mensink, I. and Zuidhoff, A. (1998) Personal sampling of particles in adults: Relation among personal, indoor, and outdoor air concentrations. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 147, No. 6, pp. 537-547. 
• John, W. (2001) Size Distribution Characteristics of Aerosols.  In: Baron, P.A. and Willeke, K (eds.), Aerosol Measurements: Principles, Techniques, and Applications. Wiley-Interscience.
• Jones, J., Stick, S., Dingle, P., Franklin, P. (2007) Spatial variability of particulates in homes: Implications for infant exposure. Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 376, No. 1-3, pp. 317-323.
• Lai, A.C.K. (2002) Particle deposition indoors: a review. Indoor Air, Vol. 12, pp. 211-214.
• Lee, S.C. et al (2001) Characterization of VOCs, Ozone, and PM10 emissions from office equipment in an environmental chamber. Building and Environment. Vol. 36, No. 7, pp. 837-842.
• Marjamaki, M., Keskinen, J., Chen, D.R., and Pui, D.Y.H. (2000) Performance Evaluation of the Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor (ELPI). Journal of Aerosol Science, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 249-261.
• McMurry, P. (2000) A review of atmospheric aerosol measurements. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 34, pp. 1959-1999.
• Morawska, L. (2004) Indoor Particles, Combustion Products and Fibers. In: Pluscke, P., Indoor Air Pollution (Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Springer-Verlag, New York.
• Oliver, L.C. and Shackleton, B.W. (1998). The indoor air we breathe: a public health problem of the 90s. Public Health reports 113: 398-409.
• Petkewich, R. (2007) Office pollution. Chemical and Engineering News, December 24, pp. 43.
• Rader, D.J. and O'Hern, T.J. (2001) Optical Direct-Reading Techniques: In Situ Sensing.  In: Baron, P.A. and Willeke, K (eds.), Aerosol Measurements: Principles, Techniques, and Applications. Wiley-Interscience.
• Schwela, D.,  Morawska, L., and Kotzias, D. (2002) Concentration and Exposure-Response Measurement of Fine and Ultra Fine Particulate Matter for use in Epidemiological Studies. WHO, Geneva.
• Sharma, H.P., Hansel, N.N., Matsui, E., Diette, G.B., Eggleston, P., Breysse, P. (2007) Indoor environmental influences on children's asthma. Pediatric Clinics of North America, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 103-120.
• Spurney, K.R. (2001) Historical Aspects of Aerosol Measurements. In: Baron, P.A. and Willeke, K (eds.), Aerosol Measurements: Principles, Techniques, and Applications. Wiley-Interscience.
• Yocom, J.E. (1982) Indoor-outdoor air quality relationships. A critical review. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 500-520.
• Wallace, L. (1996) Indoor particles: A review. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 98-126.
• Wallace, L. (2000) Ultrafine particles from a vented gas clothes dryer. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 25, pp.5777-5786.

Formaldehyde

• Beasley, R.K., Hoffman, C.E., Rueppel, M.L., and Worley, J.W. (1980) Sampling of Formaldehyde in Air with Coated Solid Sorbent and Determination by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 52, pp. 110-114.
• Bisgaard, P., Molhave, L., Rietz, B., and Wilhardt, P. (1983) Quantitative Determination of Formaldehyde in Air Using the Acetylacetone Method. Analytical Letters, Vol. 16, No. 17/18, pp. 457-1468.
• Fregert, S., Dahlquist, I., and Gruvberger, B. (1984) A simple method for the detection of formaldehyde. Contact Dermititis, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 132-134.
• Gammage, R.B., Hawthorne, A.R., hingerty, B.E., Dudney, C.S., Matthews, T.G., Westley, R.R., Corey, M.D., Daffron, C.R., Greene, R.T., Morris, S.A., Schrimsher, J.M., and Womack, D.R. (1982) Identification and Measurement of Air Pollutants in Homes. Oak Ridge National Laboratory CPSC-IAG-81-1403 Monthly Reports for September 1981 and March, May, June, July, August, and October 1982.
• Gammage, R.B. and Gupta, K.C., “Formaldehyde”, in: Walsh, P.J., Dudney, C.S., and Copenhaver, E.D., eds. (1984) Indoor Air Quality. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
• Gasparini, F. Weinert, P.L., Lima, L.S., Pezza, L., and Pezza, H.R. (2008) A simple and green analytical method for the determination of formaldehyde. Journal of the Brazillian Chemical Society, Vol. 19, No. 8, pp. 1531-1537.
• Hileman, B. (1982) Formaldehyde: How Did EPA Develop Its Formaldehyde Policy? Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 16, pp. 543A.
• Kennedy, E.R., Smith, D.L., and Geraci, Jr., C.L. (1985) Field Evaluations of Sampling and Analytical Methods for Formaldehyde. In: Turoski, V. (ed.), Formaldehyde: Analytical Chemistry and Toxicology (Advances in Chemistry Series). ACS, Washington DC.
• Kennedy, E.R., Teass, A.W., and Gagnon, Y.T. (1985) Industrial Hygiene Sampling and Analytical Methods for Formaldehyde. In: Turoski, V. (ed.), Formaldehyde: Analytical Chemistry and Toxicology (Advances in Chemistry Series). ACS, Washington DC.
• Kleindienst, T.E. et al (1988) An intercomparison of formaldehyde measurement techniques at ambient concentration. Atmospheric Environment, Vo. 22, No. 9, pp. 1931-1939.
• Larson, A., Jentoft, N.A., and Greibrokk, T. (1992) Determination of ppb levels of formaldehyde in air. Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 120, No. 3, pp. 261-269.
• Lowe, D.C., Schmidt, U., Ehhalt, D.H., Frishkorn, C.G.B., and Nürnberg, H.W. (1981) Determination of formaldehyde in clean air. Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 15, No. 7, pp. 819-823.
• Luks, E., Kiss, E. (1992) Formaldehyde determination by the colorimetric method with acetylacetone. Part I. Formaldehyde determination in certain cosmetic products. Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny, Vol. 43, No., 3-4, pp. 289-293.
• Matthews, T.G., Hawthorne, A.R., Howell, T.C. et al (1982) Evaluation of selected monitoring methods for formaldehyde in domestic environments. Environment International. Vol. 8, No. 1-6, p. 143-151.
• Matthews, T.G. and Howell, T.C. (1981) Visual colorimetric formaldehyde screening analysis for indoor air. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, Vol. 31, No. 11, pp. 1181-1184.
• Miksch, R.R., Anthon, D.W., Fanning, L.Z., Hollowell, C.D., Revzan, K., and Glanville, J. (1981) Modified Pararosaniline Method for the Determination of Formaldehyde in Air. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 53, pp. 2118-2123.
• Monsen, R.M. and Stock, T.H. (1986) A comparison of formaldehyde monitoring methods for the residential environment. Journal of Environmental Health, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 72-75.
• Murai, K. Okano, M., Kuramitz, H., Hata, N., Kawakami, T., and Taguchi, S. (2008) Investigation of formaldehyde pollution of tap water and rain water using a novel visual colorimetry. Water Science and Technology, Vol. 58, No. 5, pp. 1055-1060.
• Moschandreas, D.J., Stark, J.W.C., McFadden, J.E., and Morse, S.S. (1978) Indoor Air Pollution in the Residential Environment, Vol. I, Data Collection, Analysis and Interpretation. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Report No. EPA-600/7-78-229a, Cincinatti.
• Nash, T. (1952) Colorimetric Determination of Formaldehyde under Mild Conditions. Nature, Vol. 170, No. 4336, pp. 976.
• Nash, T. (1953) Colorimetric Estimation of Formaldehyde by Means of the Hantzsch Reaction. Biochemistry, Vol. 55, pp. 416-421.
• NIOSH 3500
• New York Times: 1981 1982 1987
• Peatreas, M., Twist, S., Pon, D., and Miles, I. (1984) Evaluation of Two Methods for Measuring Formaldehyde at ppb Levels. Proceedings, Annual Meeting – Air Pollution Control Association, Vol. 6, 10p.
• Schultz, M. and Salthammer, T. (1999) Sampling and Analysis of Aldehydes, Phenols and Diisocyanates. In: Salthammer, T. (ed.), Organic Indoor Air Pollutants: Ocurrence, Measurement, Evaluation. Wiley-VCH.
• Shimadzu A262
• Triebig, G., Schaller, K.-H., Beyer, B., Muller, J., and Valentin, H. (1989) Formaldehyde exposure at various workplaces. Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 79, No. 2, pp. 191-195.
• West, P.W. and Sen, B. (1956) Spectrophotometric determination of traces of formaldehyde. Fresenius’ Zeitschrift fur Analytische Chemie, Vol. 153, No. 3, pp. 177-183.

VOCs

• Ayoko, G.A., Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Environments. In: Pluscke, P. (2004) Indoor Air Pollution (Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Springer-Verlag, New York.
• Ball, M. and Salthammer, T. (1999) Sampling and Analysis of PCDDs/PCDFs, PAHs and PCBs. In: Salthammer, T. (ed.), Organic Indoor Air Pollutants: Ocurrence, Measurement, Evaluation. Wiley-VCH.
• Brown, S.K. (1999) Occurrence of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air. In: Salthammer, T. (ed.), Organic Indoor Air Pollutants: Ocurrence, Measurement, Evaluation. Wiley-VCH.
• Crump, D. (1999) Application of Diffusive Samplers. In: Salthammer, T. (ed.), Organic Indoor Air Pollutants: Ocurrence, Measurement, Evaluation. Wiley-VCH.
• Ekberg, L.E. (1999) Real-Time Monitoring of Organic Compounds. In: Salthammer, T. (ed.), Organic Indoor Air Pollutants: Ocurrence, Measurement, Evaluation. Wiley-VCH.
• Hodgson , M., Levin, H., and Wolkoff, P. (1994) Volatile Organic Compounds and Indoor Air. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 296-303.
• Jann, O. and Wilke, O. (1999) Sampling and Analysis of Wood Preservatives in Test Chambers. In: Salthammer, T. (ed.), Organic Indoor Air Pollutants: Ocurrence, Measurement, Evaluation. Wiley-VCH.
• Molhave, L., Bach, R., and Peterson, O. (1986) Human Reactions to Low Concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds. Environment International. Vol. 12, pp. 167-175.
• Pluschke, P. (1999) Indoor Air Quality Guidelines. In: Salthammer, T. (ed.), Organic Indoor Air Pollutants: Ocurrence, Measurement, Evaluation. Wiley-VCH.
• Salthammer, T., Emisisons of Volatile Organic Compounds from Products and Materials in Indoor Environments. In: Pluscke, P. (2004) Indoor Air Pollution (Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Springer-Verlag, New York.
• Uhde, E. (1999) Application of Solid Sorbents for the Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air. In: Salthammer, T. (ed.), Organic Indoor Air Pollutants: Ocurrence, Measurement, Evaluation. Wiley-VCH.

Radon

• Nazaroff, W.W. and Nero, Jr., A.V. (1988) Radon and Its Decay Products In Indoor Air. Wiley Interscience.

SHS Studies

• Clark County
• TSI TrakPro Software guide

LINKS

Particles:

• TSI - http://www.tsi.com/Product.aspx?Pid=4
• Dylos - http://www.dylosproducts.com/
• UCB - http://berkeleyair.com/mho.asp
• Using the Dylos - http://www.americanallergysupply.com/dylos/index.htm
• ELPI - http://dekati.com/cms/fine_particle_measurement_products
• DEP - http://www.depweb.state.pa.us/southwestro/cwp/view.asp?a=3&q=477998&southwestroNav=|32043|

EMF:

• Monitors - http://www.emfields.org/equipment/overview.asp
• Panorama - http://www.powerwatch.org.uk/news/20070529_panorama_extra.asp
• Anritsu - http://www.eu.anritsu.com/products/default.php?p=166&model=MS2721A
• Less EMF - http://www.lessemf.com/index.html
• EMF meter - http://www.healthgoods.com/shopping/Home_Test_Kits/Electromagnetic_Field_Testing.asp
• Wiki - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMF_meter
• EM Field tester - http://www.emfields.org/equipment/pro.asp
• Digital Combination Meter - http://www.lessemf.com/combi.html#480

Radon:

• Sun Nuclear - http://www.sunnuclear.com/Products/Radon/Radon.asp
• Radon detectors - http://www.usinspect.com/CAR/1203RadonMonitors.asp
• E-PERM - http://www.genitron.de/products/eperm_techno.html
• Rad Elec - http://www.radonbusiness.com/RadElecPriceListFinal_2007.pdf
• Radon specialist - http://home.comcast.net/~celiar/index.htm
• PA Radon results by zip code - http://www.dep.state.pa.us/RadiationProtection_Apps/Radon/
• Certification - http://www.dep.state.pa.us/brp/radon_division/CERTIFICATION_CORNER.htm
• Lab exercises - http://www.nj.gov/dep/rpp/radon/download/cpinv3.pdf
• Lesson plans - http://www.nj.gov/dep/rpp/radon/high_cp.htm