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D @m "BDvDv v vk v vv k v ww<vk [pounds]~ wwWwk~ wXRwYx<D@2DwD m uV?BD w w wk w ww k w xxPwk [pounds]~ xxWxk~ xXRxYy<D@DxD m uV?BD x x xk x xx k x yydxk [pounds]~ yyyk~ yXRyYz<D@DyD m uV?BD y y yk y yy k y zzxyk [pounds]~ zzzk~ zXRzY{<D@(DzD m uV?BD z z zk z zz k z {{zk [pounds]~ {e{f{k~ {gR{h|<D@}D{D m uV?BDd{i|ND @s  uV? D @m "BD{DD {DD { {k { j{{ k { | |kl$|m|%k{ $|%k{= $|n%k{$|I%k{ $| I%k{  | ok $| K%s{  |k | }~}xNNNNNN }p''V~qqrrrrrs ~-66. OtuvwTTTxV D&l2RMR2>_5??5?555555\>2    P0 dXh B{,D m  [kg][pounds]B [pounds]~ W  D~ XRy<D@2DD m uV?BD@ zzz   E ;D &LL@DL @L @B   LL@<  B,D m  [kg][pounds]B [pounds]~ W  D~ XRy<D@ DD m uV?BD@ zzz        X~  D {Dz|dD@^(ׁ?ׁ? DD@'@DD@ }a KD@7@@(ׁ?ׁ? D       ~ W  LXD+YD@ DD@ zz~        ~ W~ X+yD@DD@ zzz        ~ WXD+yD@DD@ z~        ~ WXD+yD@DD@ zzz        ~ WXDy?D@ @?DD@?D@^(ׁ?ׁ? DD@ zze  OD@7@@(ׁ?ׁ? 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D8l`\>2T>2n,00( @;@;@ w@ P0,8 D P0 @ @ h     222220QQ00000 O0O00QQ00000 O0O00QQ00  0  0                    D$_D m ʡE?BD&@D m uV?B@D'~2@D m uV?B@D)@D m uV?B@D*@D m uV?B@D+@D m uV?B@D,@D m uV?BmD@D  D$D m ʡE?BD&Z@D m uV?B@D'^2@D m uV?B@D)@D m uV?B@D*@D m uV?B@D+J @@D m uV?B@D, @D m uV?BD4@@mD@D            DD m uV?BD P@D m uV?B@D!N@D m uV?B@D#@D m uV?B@D1@D m ʡE?B@D-@@D m uV?B@D/#@D m uV?BmD@D  DXD m uV?BD  @D m uV?B@D! @D m uV?B@D#T @D m uV?B@D1@D m ʡE?B@D-@D m uV?B@D/"@D m uV?BD."@D m ʡE?B@D4@@mDD\ .9D5DDD(QD5DD(DD5DD"9 D5 D"< D5 D(Q D5 DD    -   #  % #  % \ .Z[DQDDD"Zg DQD"Zg DQD(Zg DQ DD(Z[ DQ DD"g DQ D      N@@ .ZkDgDDD"Zk DgD"Zl DgD"Zn Dg D(Z| Dg DD"| Dg D     .ZD|DDD(ZD|DD(D|DD(Z D| DD(Z D| DD" D| D    222 .ZDDDD"Z DD"Z DD(Z D DD(Z D DD" D D    222 .DDDD" DD" DD(D DD(D DD" D D    222  -        222 $$222 0M2220222 0M0000000 22  22           2222                2222   1 1'D  LD B  2222   2                BX$$D8za7QEE$,*6,d8@  ********** ********** ********** ********** ********** ********** ********** ********** **********         =>   ! ! "- " ", #A$ue7?$ %  &B$  @$ %  #C$  @$ %  #D$, J@ $% #E$:yS7@$ %  #F$zU5@$:? %  #G$*'@$j,I@ %  #H$*7@$j,I(@ %  #$Y.h4@$ %  'K $$%  #L$dX ;@$ %  #M$ 2@$ %  #N$B,WK@$T0i]&$@@ % :$$$$$$$$$b&80FFF.FNNNF,FF    #$cOEe+?O DD@'D@ :: 96>\? :: !:: ":: #:: $:: %:: &:: ':: (:: ):: *:: +:: ,:: -:: .:: /:: 0:: 1:: 2:: 3:: 4:: 5:: 6:: 7:: 8:: 9:: ::: ;:: <:: =:: >:: ?::D@l@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST @:: A:: B:: C:: D:: E:: F:: G:: H:: I:: J:: K:: L:: M:: N:: O:: P:: Q:: R:: S:: T::.z\`b\(  z  s 8+@Text 1 ]@ q  <Note: The Ecological Footprint does not document our entire impact on nature. It only includes those aspects of our waste production and resource consumption that could potentially be sustainable. In other words, it shows those resources that within given limits can be regenerated and those wastes that at sufficiently low levels can be absorbed by the biosphere. For all activities that are systematically in contradiction with sustainability, however, there is no footprint, since nature cannot cope with them. There is no sustainable regenerative rate for substances such as heavy metals, persistent organic and inorganic toxins, radioactive materials, or bio-hazardous waste. For a sustainable world, their use needs to be phased out. In other words, the above footprint calculation assumes that the person being assessed engages in none of these systematically unsustainable activities, be it for example the release of CFCs, the unsafe disposal of motor oil, or the purchase, use and disposal of other harmful household chemicals.<))7   X W(?Household Ecological Footprint Calculator Arial Black%W:]` qzz  s 8d+@Text 1 ]@d q  <Note: The Ecological Footprint does not document our entire impact on nature. It only includes those aspects of our waste production and resource consumption that could potentially be sustainable. In other words, it shows those resources that within given limits can be regenerated and those wastes that at sufficiently low levels can be absorbed by the biosphere. For all activities that are systematically in contradiction with sustainability, however, there is no footprint, since nature cannot cope with them. There is no sustainable regenerative rate for substances such as heavy metals, persistent organic and inorganic toxins, radioactive materials, or bio-hazardous waste. For a sustainable world, their use needs to be phased out. In other words, the above footprint calculation assumes that the person being assessed engages in none of these systematically unsustainable activities, be it for example the release of CFCs, the unsafe disposal of motor oil, or the purchase, use and disposal of other harmful household chemicals.<))7   X W(?Household Ecological Footprint Calculator Arial Black%W:]` q~~  < XPP?  g]4@ ~q swU}"E$z} <Produced by Mathis Wackernagel, Chad Monfreda, Diana Deumling, and Ritik Dholakia (Version 1.0 was released in 1997 at the Centre for Sustainability Studies at the Unversidad Anhuac de Xalapa, Mexico).<; S=  `@~~  <T XPP? m ]4@T` q 9HDM/z畈 ><?The life-energy accounting is taken from Joe Dominguez and Vicki Robin, 1992. Your Money or Your Life. Penguin, New York. It shows why consuming less can increase our quality of life since it frees time we otherwise needed to work to pay for our consumption. Wow - we may end up living better on a smaller footprint!<8w >ped~~  < XPP? :]4@ q Da F/[fW:  <Fill in the amounts for one individual or the entire household. If you put the income of the household, also add up the weekly working hours of all the members of the household. The life energy needed per dollar earned is calculated automatically and shown in cell F6.<8 z a~~  < XPP? qp]4@q 2Q2AsRt ><?Enter in this column your monthly expenditure in each category<8 >he ~~  < XPP? q ]4@q Kh*Jn <Unless otherwise noted, the Fossil Energy component of the household footprint follows this formula: (Carbon sequestration ratio) * (Energy intensity) * (Waste factor, if needed) * (Quantity in metric or US standard) * (Metric conversion factor, if needed) * (Equivalence Factor: Forest) or (m^2/MJ) * (MJ/kg) * (kg) * (global m^2/m^2) Other terms found in specific formulas are explained in cell notes.<8 d. ~~  <佻 XPP? q >$]4@佻q c_WcBO\A D<EUnless otherwise noted, the Arable Land component of the household footprint follows this formula: (Footprint Intensity of Product) * (Conversion factor from primary to secondary product, i.e., wheat to bread) * (Quantity in metric or US standard) * (Metric conversion factor, if needed) or (global m^2/kg primary product) * (kg primary product/kg secondary product) * (kg secondary product) The conversion factor from primary to secondary product is only included for secondary (manufactured) products. Other terms found in specific formulas are explained in cell notes.<8 Df t~~  <H XPP?  q ,]4@H0q #$N7"= \<]Unless otherwise noted, the Pasture Land component of the household footprint follows this formula: (Footprint Intensity of Product) * (Conversion factor from primary to secondary product, i.e., milk to cheese) * (Quantity in metric or US standard) * (Metric conversion factor, if needed) or (global m^2/kg primary product) * (kg primary product/kg secondary product) * (kg secondary product) The conversion factor from primary to secondary product is only included for secondary (manufactured) products (bread, cheese, etc.). Other terms found in specific formulas are explained in cell notes.<8a \the~~  < XPP? q]4@ q ZG A`ĭ*Y1 <With the exception of the sub-categories 'Eating Out' and 'Garden Area,' all sub-categories in the FOOD section should include only food being brought into the household from an outside source (i.e., not homegrown food).<8 ded~~  < XPP? q ]4@pq h*)@pz> <Average US per-capita food consumption data, unless otherwise noted, is for 1997 and taken directly from: Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97, USDA Economic Research Service (ERS), http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/, Tables 1-41: Per Capita Food Consumption, 1970-97<8 /kg~~  <t XPP? q "t]4@t`q @۟;U[N_w/C s<Footprints are measured in a common unit called a  global hectare, (or global acre) which is a hectare with global average biomass productivity. Expressing footprints in global hectares allows the comparison of footprints across different regions, which have different qualities and mixes of cropland, grazing land, and forest. In columns G-L, the footprint areas are expressed in global m2. There are 10,000 m2 in a hectare, and 2.47 acres in a hectare. The Correction Factors in the Supporting Data section calibrate this household footprint spreadsheet with the national footprint accounts for the U.S., so that the "average" footprints are equal using both assessment methods. "Uncalibrated" here means that the correction factors have not yet been applied to the values presented in these columns, rather they are applied to the footprint subtotals in the tables below. <9$ s~~  <ؿ XPP? k_ ]4@ؿq &fI>  _<`see: "Estimating and Addressing America's Food Losses," Food Review, Jan-April 1997, USDA, ERS<9l _xx  6fXPP? o ]4@fq TRCƅ!X < FI means Financial Independence<9s lexx  6D XPP? or]4@D q MoeG%5X  < guestimate <;9 < xx  6XPP? r#]4@q 8BVXX 7<8include canned and other prepared fruits and vegetables<9 7xx  6(XPP? r7#]4@( q  MJY^t.HX P<QPer-capita average consumption of veggies, potatoes and fruit: 48.7 lbs/month <8  Pmanxx  6XPP? i7#F]4@q D+D\R5X 9<:Per-capita average consumption of bread: 7.8 lbs/month <8 9tanxx  6XPP?  i7&]4@Pq FL0EXBX <Per-capita average consumption of rice, cereals, noodles: 8.9 lbs/month (all cereals) 12% of cereals are maize 7.8 lbs/month (all cereals exc maize) 1.1 lbs/month (maize) <8X staxx  6TXPP? !iv%]4@Tq ]IȷZuX <Per-capita average consumption of rice, cereals, noodles: 8.9 lbs/month (all cereals) 12% of cereals are maize 7.8 lbs/month (all cereals exc maize) 1.1 lbs/month (maize) <9R : xx  6XPP? "i7( ]4@q }J|X 9<:Per-capita average consumption of beans: 0.7 lbs/month <8 9rodxx  6»XPP? #i7(]4@»q Db(@X S<TPer-capita average consumption of milk, cream, yogurt, sour cream: 9.1 qts/month <8* Sufaxx  6»XPP? $i7):]4@»q }Ǟ6DxOSqX C<DPer-capita average consumption of ice cream: 1.2 quarts per month <8 C (Qxx  6»XPP? %i7+:]4@»Hq p WAD 29K5X B<CPer-capita average consumption of cheese, butter: 2.7 lbs/month <8 Bfacxx  6HûXPP? &i7,]4@Hûq dIt"x<@EZX 8<9Per-capita average consumption of eggs: 20 eggs/month <8 8 shxx  6ûXPP? &i,]4@ûxq R|(HbW!10X D<EFossil energy footprint of eggs: 0.05 refers to 1 egg = 50g =.05 kg<8 Drwi~~  <Ļ XPP? &i {;]4@Ļq wXh\N6d ?<@Cropland footprint of eggs: 0.05 refers to 1 egg = 50g =.05 kg<8 ?nsuxx  6tĻXPP? (i7-]4@tĻq s8י J7Ӛ&dX 8<9Per-capita average consumption of pork: 3.8 lbs/month <8 8/nixx  6ĻXPP? )i7.]4@Ļq 99~♔K4nX C<DPer-capita average consumption of chicken, turkey: 5.4 lbs/month <8 Cxx  6<ŻXPP? *i7/]4@<Żq NkIB*FX 8<9Per-capita average consumption of beef: 5.4 lbs/month <8 8xx  6ŻXPP? +i70]4@Żxq i}~I@[X 8<9Per-capita average consumption of fish: 1.2 lbs/month <8 8goexx  6ƻXPP? ,iB1]4@ƻq d\stFxMX 9<:Per-capita average consumption of sugar: 5.5 lbs/month <8 9reqxx  6hƻXPP? -iB2:]4@hƻq  5D)MX I<JPer-capita average consumption of liquid vegetable oils: 1.2 qts/month <8 Iect~~  <ƻ XPP? -i 6-]4@ƻ@q LZGBryU e<fCropland footprint of liquid vegetable oil and fat: 0.8 = estimated density of vegetable oil (kg/l)<8[ ees.xx  60ǻXPP? .iB3]4@0ǻq &-ݔQG¯X C<DPer-capita average consumption of solid veg. fats: 2.5 lbs/month <8 Cssixx  6ǻXPP? /iB4]4@ǻ( q `DluIAeX @<APer-capita average consumption of tea & coffee: 0.8 lbs/month <8 @xx  6ǻXPP? 0i@5d]4@ǻ!q \tk%@hd#X I<JA standard bottle of wine contains 0.75 liters or 0.75/1.06 = 0.7 quarts<8 In-fxx  6\ȻXPP? 0i75d]4@\Ȼ!q {CV@X C<DPer-capita average consumption of juice & wine: 3.0 quarts/month <8 Cf pxx  6ȻXPP? 1i77]4@Ȼ@"q }Z)I w6X :<;Per-capita average consumption of beer: 7.3 quarts/month <9 9: : @@xx  6$ɻXPP? 2i77]4@$ɻ"q g~BTlCWX *<+Per-capita average garden area: no data <8 *xx  6ɻXPP? 3i788]4@ɻp#q /QN\eJVͦ@X a<bPer-capita spending on food and drink consumed outside the house: estimated to be $68 per month <8g a~~  <ɻ XPP? 3i Ef]4@ɻ$q W8FB]m] <Cropland footprint of food away from home: Value computed by taking the cropland footprint of average per capita food consumption without dining out (sum of other cropland footprints of food) per day (/365), and assuming that each meal eaten out provides one half of the day's nutritional content (*.5). Assumes that every $6 spent is roughly equivalent to one meal. Alternate method: <8v ~~  <Pʻ XPP?  3i ;t]4@Pʻ$q nG@ϖa f<gPasture footprint of dining out: Value computed by taking the pasture footprint of average per capita food consumption without dining out (sum of other pasture footprints of food) per day (/365), and assuming that each meal eaten out provides one half of the day's nutritional content (*.5). Assumes that every $6 spent is roughly equivalent to one meal.<8fe m~~  <ʻ XPP? 8o-=]4@ʻ%q [+NԘc ^<_Per-capita average housing unit size: 1525 sq/ft @ 2.62 people per house =582 sq. ft./person <8U ^ZE,~~  <˻ XPP? 8o <i]4@˻%q 'C7yy(2 <The life-cycle embodied energy of a standard Canadian house with 350 square meters of living space adds up to 1'310 GJ (Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation, OPTIMIZE, 1991, researched by Sheltair). Life-expectancy of the house is 40 years.<8 ick~~  <|˻ XPP?  8o F]4@|˻&q k|51hFط_M <An average Canadian house uses 23.6 m3 of wood and is assumed to last 40 years (Government of Canada, 1991. The State of Canada's Environment. Ministry of Environment, Ottawa). The house is assumed to contain 150 m2 of living space. 2.6/10000 is the roundwood productivity, 2.2 is the ratio of roundwood needed per unit of construction wood. Another estimate from the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (OPTIMIZE, 1991) shows the use of over 50 m3 roundwood equivalent for a 350 m2 house.<8F l. xx  6˻XPP? :iBB ]4@˻ 'q 1@Om VX :<;Average per-capita construction wood consumption: no data<8 :r fxx  6D̻XPP? :i?]4@D̻p'q xM.X ><?assumes embodied energy of construction wood equal to 5 MJ/kg <8 >~~  <̻ XPP?  :i G)]4@̻X(q ͻ~L͸&0iz ?<@600 kg/m3 is the average wood density. 2.2 is the waste factor<8 ? th~~  < ͻ XPP? ;iG]4@ ͻ(q |FmSBoJ]4@ͻ0*q (}Eai <For composition of electricity: Your local electricity provider should be able to give you a breakdown of the composition of electricity generation for your electricity use (usually this information is sent with your electricity bill). For instance, the following breakdown is the "1999 California Power Mix" provided by Pacific Gas and Electric: 67% coal, nat. gas and nuclear 20% large hydroelectric 3% small hydroelectric 2% wind 1% solar 2% biomass 5% geothermal <8 ctixx  68λXPP? >o7G)]4@8λ +q ?@;d|X 9<:Per-capita electricity consumption: 323 kWh/capita/month<8 9osi~~  <λ XPP? @i Kt]4@λp+q ~@ĉӳ .</Average breakdown of electricity generation in the US: Fossil-fuels: 70% nuclear: 20% hydroelectric: 9% solar: 0.02% wind: 0.1% geothermal: 0.5% wood: 1% waste: 0.6% The distribution will vary by region. Contact your electricity provider to find out your local electricity breakdown (see cell B63).<8& . ~~  <ϻ XPP? @i M ]4@ϻ,q ^gI'<7V_ {<|Fossil energy footprint of thermally produced electricity: 3.6 MJ/kWh = energy intensity of production % of = amount of energy transfer due to energy loss in conversion from the primary energy source to electricity (in generating and delivering electricity, 70% of the energy is lost). percentage of electricity= component of total electricity generated from thermal sources <8+ {n i~~  <dϻ XPP? Bq G]4@dϻ,q k2$gKi.d+ <9% represents all US hydropower, some of which is from microhydro. Until we find data identifying this proportion, we put all hydropower in the large scale category. <9Q ts~~  <ϻ XPP?  Bq kG3]4@ϻH-q (?@YMQ & <From "Our Ecological Footprint," by M. Wackernagel and W. Rees: 10000/200000 = square meters of built-up land per MJ 3.6 = MJ/kWh assumed to inundate average quality land, hence equivalence and yield factors of 1.0<8 g a~~  <л XPP?  Cq J]4@л8.q Nf bG?̀3 <From "Our Ecological Footprint," by M. Wackernagel and W. Rees: 10000/15000000 = square meters of pasture land per MJ 3.6 = MJ/kWh <8 sm<~~  <|л XPP? Dq-I]4@|л.q ӟDiEBr]sz< <0.02% represents all US solar power, some of which is from rooftop systems. Until we find data identifying this proportion, we put all solar power in one category. <9H <~~  <л XPP?  Dq H]4@лx/q *^F;H\K< r<sAssumes that 3000 kWh can be produced from 24 m2 of PV panels (0.75 roughly estimates the embodied energy of PV).<8 r% s<~~  <Dѻ XPP?  Eq J3]4@Dѻ/q ˹ CE=,< <This area not included since roof area already counted in built area category. (underestimates since embodied energy of PV not yet included)<9 <~~  <ѻ XPP?  Fq K ]4@ѻ0q  y@As!=4U< @<APacca & Horvath, "Greenhouse gas emissions from building and operating electric power plants in the upper Colorado River basin", Env. Sci & Tech 36 (14). Assumes annual energy output of 5.55 TWh over a 48,950 ha wind farm, 5% of which is occupied by turbines and infrastructure. Assigned equivalence factor of pasture.<9 @<~~  < һ XPP? Jq7S]4@ һ1q 8'@Mk< v<wThere are 1.1 Therms per CCF. CCF are one hundred cubic feet. Check over how many days (or months) you are billed. For example, if the bill stretches over 40 days, divide the amount by 40 and multiply by 30 to get the monthly amount. If you receive the bill bi-monthly, just divide the amount by two. Note that gas consumption varies considerably with the season.<8& vry <xx  6pһXPP? Jq7O]4@pһ1q ^*4A_ yX< =<>Per-capita natural gas consumption: 17.6 Therms/person/month<8 =ed.<~~  <һ XPP? Jq Wd]4@һH2q ?$ύaM3< <29.3 gives kWh per Therm 3.6 gives MJ/kWh 1/0.3048^3/100 translates m3 into CCF Here's a second way of calculating it: 1 m3 of gas contains the energy of 8.905 Mcal corresponding to 4.184 more MJ. <8 e t<~~  <8ӻ XPP? KiHN]4@8ӻ2q #utrE(U < <<=Average per-capita LPG consumption: 1.2 gallons/person/month<9 <<~~  <ӻ XPP? Ki5P]4@ӻ3q zt'+D KM< n<oLiquid petroleum gas receives carbon intensity equal to natural gas. One liter of LPG contains about 25 MJ. <8 n0,0<xx  6ԻXPP? Li@UH]4@Ի 4q V^NsX< h<iA cord of wood is 80 cubic feet (roughly 3 x 4 x 7 feet), and contains roughly 3000 pounds of dry wood. <8{ h a <xx  6dԻXPP? Li7UH]4@dԻp4q x/هJus*iX< H<IAverage per-capita firewood consumption: .08 cords/year, or 240 pounds<8 He f<~~  <Ի XPP?  Li U']4@ԻX5q j U5tDv< <600 kg/m3 is the average wood density. 0.53 is the waste factor for firewood. It means that for each kg of firewood one needs 0.53 kg of roundwood. In this category, the waste factor is significantly smaller than 1 since about twice as much firewood can be produced than roundwood per m2 and year. /1.6: the results are divided by the correction factor for the forest footprint of housing. The reason is that the true footprint of firewood can be calculated quite accurately. <8 ras<xx  6,ջXPP? Mi7W]4@,ջ5q lkYxEWrƫ X< A<BAverage per-capita fuel oil consumption: 2.4 gallons/person/month<8 Acta<~~  <ջ XPP?  Oi [/]4@ջ@6q  l$O%rd j< 4<5The following note explains one possible way to calculate the water footprint. The forest footprint of water is not included in the overall accounting, however, becasue the water footprint can vary according to local situations. In humid areas (like the ones around Xalapa, Mexico), forests can generate in wells and springs about 1'500 m3 of fresh water per hectare and year. Pastures, in contrast, only generate one tenth of this amount. This at a precipitation level of 15'000 m3 per hectare and year (Secretara de Desarollo Agropecuario y Pescua, SEDAP, Xalapa 1998). In places like British Columbia, this water use may be a secondary function of forest use. In Xalapa, however, at the margin, this water production becomes the primary use of the forest area - therefore, it needs to be added to the footprint.<8E 4[m2<~~  <ջ XPP?  Po Z]4@ջ(7q X62EF6< <The forest sub-total for Housing does not include the water component because the footprint of water can be very dependent on local situations.<8 e r<~~  <Xֻ XPP? VqQ^]4@Xֻ8q Pf=A sH< <If you are calculating the footprint for your whole household, be sure to enter all miles traveled and gas consumed by the household members. The transportation footprint is then divided equally among household members. <9 <~~  <ֻ XPP? Zi'` ]4@ֻh8q /^#O1?R< L<M"Person-miles" = vehicle miles x number of household members in the vehicle.<9 L<xx  6 ׻XPP? Zi7c]4@ ׻X9q  ]J݇壤X< =<>Per-capita transit bus use: 7 passenger-miles/person/month <8 =of <~~  <׻ XPP? Zi dd]4@׻9q E"LyT< t<uFor Fossil Energy Component of Transit Bus Footprint: 4.7 = MJ/km including embodied energy (see Transport sheet) <9 t <~~  <׻ XPP?  ZinjF]4@׻@:q GF"_EhL< <Calculation for built-up area occupied by roads (allocated to miles travelled): 3.94*10^6 miles = total rural and urban highway miles (public roads and streets) (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 1609 = meters/mile 25 meters = estimated average width of highways and streets (2.56*10^12) = vehicle miles travelled per year in the US (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 0.3% of these total miles are bus miles (see Transport sheet). <8 gy <xx  6LػXPP? [iBb:]4@Lػ0;q  exe{M=sX< @<APer-capita intercity bus use: 38 passenger-miles/person/month <9 @<~~  <ػ XPP? [ik]4@ػ;q stJaH䀰o$< u<vFor Fossil Energy Component of Intercity Bus Footprint: 1.1 = MJ/km including embodied energy (see Transport sheet)<9 u<~~  <ٻ XPP?  [i hb:]4@ٻPer-capita transit rail use: 7 passenger-miles/person/month <9 =<~~  <ٻ XPP? \icF]4@ٻX=q Cwo< r<sFor Fossil Energy Component of transit rail Footprint: 3 = MJ/km including embodied energy (see Transport sheet)<9 rm,<~~  <@ڻ XPP?  \ik]4@@ڻ=q HGpx < I<JCalculation for built-up area occupied by transit rail travel (allocated to miles travelled): 6603 miles = total transit rail mileage (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 1609 = meters/mile 15 meters = estimated track corridor width (2.11*10^10) = total transit rail passenger miles travelled per year in the US (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) <9j I<xx  6ڻXPP? ]iBd]4@ڻ>q McH -0X< 7<8Per-capita Amtrak use: 2 passenger-miles/person/month <9 7<~~  <ۻ XPP? ]i #it]4@ۻ0?q e'`iLHt< t<uFor Fossil Energy Component of intercity rail Footprint: 3 = MJ/km including embodied energy (see Transport sheet)<9 t<~~  <lۻ XPP?  ]ij]4@lۻ?q k,toHŔiX< =<>Calculation for built-up area occupied by Amtrak travel (allocated to miles travelled): 25,000 miles = total Amtrak rail mileage (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 1609 = meters/mile 15 meters = estimated track corridor width (5200*10^6) = total Amtrak passenger miles travelled per year in the US (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) <9^ =<~~  <ۻ XPP? ^i'g]4@ۻ@q }x"VLN8j< <If some of these miles involved carpooling with non-household members, then only enter the mileage that can be allocated to you and other household members.<96 a<xx   64ܻXPP? ^ig]4 @4ܻAq I8bH19<X< 5<6Per-capita car use: 738 vehicle miles/person/ month <8 5 he<~~   <ܻ XPP? ^i ni]4 @ܻXAq  EOĒ;@< <35 MJ/l is the energy content of fossil fuel. 1.5 corresponds to the indirect energy consumption of car use: 15 percent is additional energy to build the car. 35 percent is the indirect energy consumed to build the physical infrastructure needed for automobile use (highways, bridges, etc.). This figure is derived thus: 50% of embodied energy consumed by government expenditures is in physical infrastructure, or, 8% of total energy consumed in the US Economy (50% of the 15% that is government consumption). This 8% for "structural" energy consumption (of which we estimate 80% is due to personal automobile use) translates into an additional 35% indirect energy consumed for transport. For the calculation see sheet "Government Footprint Analysis". <8 Pes<~~   <ܻ XPP?  ^i l]4 @ܻ@Bq AӍBkun< <Calculation for built-up area occupied by roads (allocated to miles traveled): 3.94*10^6 miles = total rural and urban highway miles (public roads and streets) (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 1609 = meters/mile 25 meters = estimated average width of highways and streets (2.56*10^12) = total vehicle highway miles travelled per year in the US (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 92.7% of these total miles are cars and light truck miles (see Transport sheet) <8 gy <xx   6`ݻXPP? _iBh]4 @`ݻ0Cq ÐU`AkէX< *<+Average US car fuel efficiency is 20 mpg.<9 *<~~   <ݻ XPP? `i'h]4 @ݻCq V:5$D'X< <Enter the miles that you drove someone else's car or that you rode in someone else's car, if you were not driving. If some of these miles involved carpooling with non-household members, then only enter the mileage that can be allocated to you and other household members.<9 a<xx  6(޻XPP? `i7i ]4@(޻Dq ހE2:$X< 2<3Per-capita taxi/ other car/ rental use: no data <8 2 th<~~  <޻ XPP? `i v ]4@޻hDq ޜMD%k< <35 MJ/l is the energy content of fossil fuel. 1.5 corresponds to the indirect energy consumption of car use: 15 percent is additional energy to build the car. 35 percent is the indirect energy consumed to build the physical infrastructure needed for automobile use (highways, bridges, etc.). This figure is derived thus: 50% of embodied energy consumed by government expenditures is in physical infrastructure, or, 8% of total energy consumed in the US Economy (50% of the 15% that is government consumption). This 8% for "structural" energy consumption (of which we estimate 80% is due to personal automobile use) translates into an additional 35% indirect energy consumed for transport. For the calculation see sheet "Government Footprint Analysis". <8 Pes<~~  <޻ XPP?  `i o]4@޻PEq SJmmB q< <Calculation for built-up area occupied by roads (allocated to miles travelled): 3.94*10^6 miles = total rural and urban highway miles (public roads and streets) (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 1609 = meters/mile 25 meters = estimated average width of highways and streets (2.56*10^12) = total vehicle highway miles travelled per year in the US (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 92.7% of these total miles are cars and light truck miles (see Transport sheet)<8 gy <~~  <T߻ XPP? bi'k/]4@T߻@Fq cC9?p< <If you took or were a passenger for some of these miles, then only enter the mileage that can be allocated to you and other household members.<9 a<xx  6߻XPP? bivf]4@߻Fq >" B yzX< :<;Per-capita motorcycle use: 3 vehicle miles/person/ month <9 :<~~  < XPP? bi o]4@Fq  nKJE͔)< <35 MJ/l is the energy content of fossil fuel. 1.5 corresponds to the indirect energy consumption of car use: 15 percent is additional energy to build the car. 35 percent is the indirect energy consumed to build the physical infrastructure needed for automobile use (highways, bridges, etc.). This figure is derived thus: 50% of embodied energy consumed by government expenditures is in physical infrastructure, or, 8% of total energy consumed in the US Economy (50% of the 15% that is government consumption). This 8% for "structural" energy consumption (of which we estimate 80% is due to personal automobile use) translates into an additional 35% indirect energy consumed for transport. For the calculation see sheet "Government Footprint Analysis". <8 Pes<~~  < XPP?  bi q]4@Gq P\jDni1C< <Calculation for built-up area occupied by roads (allocated to miles travelled): 3.94*10^6 miles = total rural and urban highway miles (public roads and streets) (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 1609 = meters/mile 25 meters = estimated average width of highways and streets (2.56*10^12) = total vehicle highway miles travelled per year in the US (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 92.7% of these total miles are cars and light truck miles (see Transport sheet)<8 gy <xx  6XPP? civg]4@Hq qF^#X< ><?Average motorcycle fuel efficiency is estimated to be 35 mpg.<9 ><xx  6HXPP? di@j]4@HIq ߅@CqcX< M<N"Person-hours" = hours of flying x number of household members on the flight.<9 M<xx  6XPP? diBj]4@Iq ;׉K1(X< G<HPer-capita air travel (with airlines) 0.4 passenger-hours/month/person<8 Gs (<~~  < XPP? diq]4@8Jq p$˫'AG7Ӻ< <For Fossil Energy Component of Airplane Footprint: 3.1 = MJ/km, including embodied energy of airport infrastructure. (see Transport sheet) 800 = km/hr <8) s <xx  6tXPP? ji$m]4@tJq &-PJ-@˧n]X< a<bIn this row you should enter not just cotton clothing, but all cotton textile and other products.<8M a2 a<xx  6XPP? ji7m]4@ Kq y5KqHX< B<CAverage Per-Capita Consumption of cotton textiles: 1.3 lbs/month <8 B 15<~~  << XPP? ki$p]4@<Lq l4VFeHD< ]<^In this row you should enter not just wool clothing, but all wool textile and other products.<8A ] is<xx  6XPP? ki7nF]4@Lq XP-FgjNC9cy]X< ?<@Average Per-Capita Consumption of wool textiles: 0.1 lb/month <8 ?nal<xx  6XPP? li$p/]4@Lq 0+OƊ X< s<tIn this row you should enter not just synthetic fiber clothing, but all synthetic fiber textile and other products.<8 s de<xx  6hXPP? li7p ]4@hMq ROLMOLX< E<FAverage Per-Capita Consumption of synthetic textiles: 0.5 lb/month <8 E<xx  6XPP? mi7qF]4@pNq ?vW@= +X< F<GAverage per-capita construction wooden furniture consumption: no data<8 Fr f<xx   60XPP?  mi qF]4 @0Oq |u87IpzUX< ?<@600 kg/m3 is the average wood density. 2.2 is the waste factor<8 ? th<xx ! 6XPP? ni7t]4!@Oq fyR(L9msX< M<NAverage per-capita construction plastic/metal furniture consumption: no data<8 Mr f<xx " 6XPP? ri$w]4"@8Pq Dk+@9 ~ zX< < This line includes all long-lasting paper and hygenic paper that is not recycled. All paper that could be recycled is counted in the waste section. This recycled paper includes newspapers, mail, advertising, paper packaging, household paper, wrapping paper etc.<8 <xx # 6\XPP? ri7w]4#@\Pq LYKQPX< b<cAverage Per-Capita Consumption of Durable Paper Products and Hygenic Paper Products: 3 lbs/month <8u b<~~ $ < XPP? riFv]4$@hQq DwJ.lmw< X<YFor Fossil Energy Component of Paper Products: 35 = Energy Intensity of Paper Products <8G X<~~ % <$ XPP?  ri wt]4%@$Rq 6| 5I(P< a<bFor Forest Component of Paper Products: 1.65 is the ratio of roundwood needed per unit of paper.<8h a/71<~~ & < XPP? six]4&@Rq /"UF0wqmaT< c<dPer-capita car parts: 0.2 pounds/ person/ year (this figure includes only tires and batteries) <8O c = <xx ' 6XPP? ti7yF]4'@@Sq  ʙB@۴X< <<=Average Per-Capita Consumption of metal items: 8 lbs/month <8 <ded<~~ ( <P XPP? tijz/]4(@PSq w~X< M<NAverage Per-Capita Consumption of Plastic Products and Photos: 10 lbs/month <8# M<xx + 6|XPP? wi7 ]4+@|Uq YbttqNYcϯ!X< M<NAverage Per-Capita Consumption of Porcelain and Glass Products: 3 lbs/month <8! M<xx , 6XPP? xi7 ]4,@HVq pfE\NCMX< 9<:Average Per-Capita Consumption of Medicine: 2 lbs/month <8 9is <xx - 6DXPP? yi7 ]4-@DVq   Aݑ>X< T<UAverage Per-Capita Consumption of Hygiene Products and Cleaning Stuff: 2 lbs/month <8; T ma<xx . 6XPP? zi7i]4.@xWq 3<pHgvX< =<>Average Per-Capita Consumption of Cigarettes: 0.4 lbs/month <8 =seh<~~ / <  XPP?  {o ]4/@ Xq Ij:NPOBA;< <Built-up Land Footprint Component of Goods: 244 m2 is the estimated average US per capita built-up land footprint component for goods (which also includes wastes, sinces wastes are non-durable goods and the byproducts of durable goods). Since not all goods are present in this analysis, we estimate the built up area for each component by taking the fossil fuel areas for waste and goods, and using these numbers to allocate proportionally the built-up area for goods and waste. <8  in<~~ 0 <p XPP? ~ii]40@pXq o{O9bZj< <This line only covers the transportation energy of mail. The paper content is accounted for separately in the paper line. Note: count only all the mail you send out or all the mail you receive, otherwise it leads to double counting.<8 ac<~~ 1 < XPP? iH]41@Yq eGzCp }G=< @<AAverage Per-Capita International Postal Services: 0.2 lbs/month<8 @nti<~~ 2 <8 XPP? i7]42@8Yq  űE*FOD< ;<<Average Per-Capita Domestic Postal Services: 4.0 lbs/month<8 ;5 a<~~ 3 < XPP? i7/]43@Zq &ЊlKKP7@< @<APer-capita expenditure on Hotels, Motels, Camping: = $15 /month<8 @ty,<~~ 4 < XPP? i-]44@([q /haNI1Xj< '<(Hotel energy costs are estimated from the average resource use of households. Carbon absorption factor multiplied by 1000 to convert from m2/MJ/yr to m2/GJ/yr We assume an average house in the US (with the land) would cost 150,000 dollars and has 2000 square feet. This corresponds to a monthly mortgage cost of 1000 dollars. In addition, each square foot may use the equivalent of 36 MJ of energy per year, including hot water and electricity, or 3 per month times 2000 square feet = 6000 MJ/month, or 6 MJ per dollar. Apart from the energy aspect, if you enter 1000 dollars a month, you should get the same result as a 2,000 square foot house. If you delete the second term in the energy column (which corresponds to the 6 MJ per dollar operational energy), the energy column also should be the same.<8i ' me<~~ 5 <d XPP?  i ]45@d\q pw*Fj+9<  < An average Canadian house uses 23.6 m3 of wood and may last 40 years (Government of Canada, 1991. The State of Canada's Environment. Ministry of Environment, Ottawa). The house may contain 150 m2 of living space. 2.2 is the ratio of roundwood needed per unit of construction wood. Also, the hotel costs are estimated from the average resource use of households. We assume an averege US house would cost 150,000 dollars (with land) and has 2000 square feet. This corresponds to a monthly mortgage cost of 1000 dollars. <8 our<xx 6 6XPP? iB:]46@h\q  WƙKﮮ 7"X< J<KAverage Per-Capita Water, sewer, garbage service: $9 per person per month<9 J<~~ 7 <, XPP? i/]47@,\q _=]Hm0< c<dFor Fossil Energy Footprint of water, sewer, garbage service 12 MJ/$ = Estimated Energy Intensity <9g c<xx 8 6XPP? i]48@]q b'Lg.L&[g.{X< <The laundry in the household is already accounted for through the energy use of the household, the detergents purchased, and through the water use (which is not accounted for in this spread sheet). Counting all laundry here would lead to double counting.<8 ub-<xx 9 6XPP? iB]49@]q  P@JrJX< G<HAverage per-capita dry cleaning and external laundry services: no data<8 Gter<xx : 6XXPP? it]4:@X^q ȪDuN<ۊX< e<fFor Fossil Energy Footprint of Dry cleaning and laundry service 6 MJ/$ = Estimated Energy Intensity <9j e<xx ; 6XPP? iB]4;@p_q  ]"HP#X< ?<@Average Per-Capita Telephone service: $27 per person per month<8 ?the<xx < 6 XPP? i]4<@ `q }@ {,BeeZX< V<WFor Fossil Energy Footprint of Telephone service 1 MJ/$ = Estimated Energy Intensity <88 V. S<xx = 6XPP? iB]4=@`q Q s[N {FWX< L<MAverage Per-Capita Medical Insurance and services: $47 per person per month<8 Linc<xx > 6XPP? i]4>@8aq !ԴI螑X< c<dFor Fossil Energy Footprint of Medical Insurance and services: 4 MJ/$ = Estimated Energy Intensity<8f c<xx ? 6LXPP? i7/]4?@Laq Q㞱VpA"CF>X< A<BAverage Per-Capita Household Insurance: $27 per person per month<8 Ay w<xx @ 6XPP? i/]4@@hbq *uʣDÓX< <Carbon absorption factor multiplied by 1000 to convert from m2/MJ/yr to m2/GJ/yr Assuming that half of the money goes to administration, and half insurance claims (rebuilding houses) the rebuilding houses figures are taken from the hotel category (excluding the operational energy part). Since rebuilding of houses does not include land prices, the resource intensity is doubled (assuming that half the cost of housing is land, and half is construction). <8M <~~ A < XPP?  i i]4A@cq |QC< <An average Canadian house uses 23.6 m3 of wood and may last 40 years (Government of Canada, 1991. The State of Canada's Environment. Ministry of Environment, Ottawa). The house may contain 150 m2 of living space. Also, the hotel costs are estimated from the average resource use of households. We assume an averege US house would cost 150,000 dollars (with land) and has 2000 square feet. This corresponds to a monthly mortgage cost of 1000 dollars. <9 <xx B 6xXPP? i7/]4B@xcq  ?"}tHjV8X< [<\Average Per-Capita Entertainment (fees, admissions and services): $24 per person per month<8N [<xx C 6XPP? i/]4C@cq sR+GݱUX< R<SFor Fossil Energy Footprint of Entertainment: 6 MJ/$ = Estimated Energy Intensity<8) R<xx D 6@XPP? i7/]4D@@dq 6@dgCX< @<AAverage Per-Capita Education Services: $20 per person per month<8 @<xx E 6XPP? i/]4E@heq ŵ@C@'IX< O<PFor Fossil Energy Footprint of Education: 3 MJ/$ = Estimated Energy Intensity <8 O<~~ F < XPP?  o ]4F@fq ̌wL@x j< x<yBuilt-up Land Footprint Component of Services: 244 m2 is the estimated average US per capita built-up land footprint component for services. Since not all services are present in this analysis, we estimate the built up area for each component by taking the fossil fuel areas for services, and using these numbers to allocate proportionally the built-up area for services. <8 x<~~ G <l XPP? i_]4G@lfq ?$H|-t?<  <  All paper that could be recycled is counted in the waste section. This recycled paper includes newspapers, mail, advertising, paper packaging, household paper, wrapping paper etc. Account only once for the paper: either on the incoming side or on the waste side.<8 of <xx H 6XPP? i7]4H@gq &oI-"KX< +<,Per-Capita Paper Waste 21 lbs/person/month<8 +<~~ I <4 XPP? i -]4I@4gq VdIʹT:< <Paper has an energy intensity of 35 MJ/kg. (1-% recycled/100*0.45) calculates to what extent energy is recuperated. % recylced gives the percentage of recycling in the household; 0.45 is the percentage of energy that can be saved through recycling. ("Too Good To Throw Away," NRDC) <8 <~~ J < XPP?  i r]4J@phq 04|HnE< `<aFor Forest Component of Paper Products: 1.65 is the ratio of roundwood needed per unit of paper<9f `<xx K 6XPP? i7 ]4K@`iq X!IpXaɁX< -<.Per-Capita Aluminum Waste 1 lbs/capita/month<8 - ye<~~ L <` XPP? i A[]4L@`iq J!j}M- )}< !<"Aluminum has an energy intensity of 250 MJ/kg. (1-% recycled/100*0.95) calculates to what extent energy is recuperated. % recycled gives the percentage of recycling in the household; 0.95 is the percentage of energy that can be saved through recycling. ("Too Good To Throw Away," NRDC) <8 !ive<xx M 6XPP? i7]4M@Hjq NzCr\&X< 2<3Per-Capita Other Metal Waste 2 lbs/capita/month <8 2r. <~~ N <( XPP? i ]4N@(jq *KTJ `6P< %<&Magnetic metals have an energy intensity of 60 MJ/kg. (1-% recylced/100*0.15) calculates to what extent energy is recuperated. % recycled gives the percentage of recycling in the household; 0.15 is the percentage of energy that can be saved through recycling. ("Too Good To Be True," NRDC) <8" %giv<xx O 6XPP? i7]4O@kq hUAu?9X< +<,Per-Capita Glass Waste 5 lbs/capita/month <8 +nd <~~ P < XPP? i p/]4P@kq 1.uODĐi4< <Glass has an energy intensity of 15 MJ/kg. (1-% recycled/100*0.3) calculates to what extent energy is recuperated. % recycled gives the percentage of recycling in the household; 0.3 is the percentage of energy that can be saved through recycling. 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